On the class numbers of certain number fields obtained from points on elliptic curves II

Let k be a number field of finite degree and k an algebraic closure of k, and let E/k be an elliptic curve which is given by the Weierstrass equation of the form y2 = f(x), where f(x) 2 k[x] is a cubic polynomial. For a subset Ξ of P1(k) (regarded as k [ f1g), we denote the set fP 2 E(k) ; x(P) 2 Ξg by x¡1(Ξ). That is

Castleman's disease in the pelvic retroperitoneum: A case report and review of the Japanese literature

AbstractINTRODUCTIONCastleman's disease is a fairly rare benign tumor of lymphoid origin. It can develop anywhere lymphoid tissue is found, but the expected origin is mediastinum and rarely pelvic retroperitoneum.PRESENTATION OF CASEA 22-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for a mass in the pelvic retroperitoneum that was detected incidentally on an ultrasonography during a routine medical checkup with no signs of symptoms. After laboratory examination, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), surgical resection was performed successfully through a lower midline incision. But the patient was needed transfusion because of massive bleeding. Postoperative histopathological diagnosis was hyaline-vascular type of Castleman's disease. The patient is leading an active social life without any signs of sequelae or recurrence.DISCUSSIONThrough the review of Japanese literature on Castleman's disease in the retroperitoneum, the characteristics of preoperative imaging findings are studied. Castleman's disease is easily misdiagnosed clinically because of its scarcity and no specific imaging findings. And the embolization via angiography should be considered in the hypervasular tumors such as in this case to prevent massive bleeding and transfusion.CONCLUSIONAlthough Castleman's disease is uncommon, it should always be included in the differential diagnosis of pelvic retroperitoneal tumors. A better knowledge of this disease would help surgeon to avoid unnecessarily extensive resection and massive bleeding for transfusion when dealing with retroperitoneal tumors

<Notes> Comparative study on white-collar workers career formation in the UK and Japan : main fact findings from the web-questionnaire survey about UK white collar workers in large firm.

The purpose of this research note is to investigate how UK’s white-collar workers including managers form their career in organization, by comparing with previous international comparative studies, such as Storey et al. (1997) or Koike and Inoki (2002).The 1000 data-set of white-collar workers were gathered by web-questionnaire survey about white collar workers, consisting of about 400 managers being employed in UK firms (hereafter abridged as 2018 UK research). Although a large number of research about white-collar’s career formation, including new career theory such as boundaryless career as well as traditional career model, but unfortunately little is known about comparable data on real circumstance of white-collar workers career in the UK and Japan. The information collected in our research on white-collar workers seems to be of use in comparing with previous research, because 2018 UK research are designed to compare with previous research by making same question as the previous research.According to previous studies such as Koike and Inoki (2002), we should examine following hypotheses.1 While many UK managers would tend to change job frequently, Japanese managers don’ t tend to change job frequently.2 One of conditions that enable to change job would seem to be strong occupational relevance of school education in the UK, but it would not seem strong in Japan. In addition to this condition, it seems that manager’s job would be required official or social qualification because these qualifications will enhance portability of manager’s job.3 Manager’s career formation can be approached from the view point of horizontal breadth of organizational career. Previous research show that UK managers breadth of career in organization would be narrower than that of Japanese managers.4 Manager’s career formation can also be approached from the view point of vertical promotion of organizational career. Previous research show that speed of UK managers of vertical promotion would be faster than that of Japanese managers.Result of our examination based on the data of 2018 UK research and international comparison between UK and Japan are as follows.1 The ratio of UK managers with non-experience working for other firms differs between UK and Japan. That ratio also means who entered as new school leaver and didn’t experienced job change (in other words, they are current firms is only firms worked for) is about 20 percent, which is much lower than about 80 percent of managers in Japan.2 Occupational relevance of school education in the UK is stronger than that of Japan.The result of UK managers answering question about useful things in coping with current manager’s job are educational content of advanced academic studies as well as Off-JT of firm. On the contrary, many of managers in Japan answered that many job experiences within current function, or experience in other function, or advice from their boss.3 Official or social certification requirement of UK’s manager job would be stronger than that of Japanese manager. While 67.4 percent of managers worked for large firms in the UK answered yes about the question whether there are any official or social qualifications that are essential or desirable to gain employment or to work in your current job, only 28.9 percent of Japanese manager answered yes.4 It was found that horizontal breadth of UK’ s managers career in large firm are narrower than that of Japanese managers. In case of UK managers, the ratio of function specific typed manager, which means 76 percent or more of one’s experience in a given work function (extensive experience in a given function), are 68.3 percent, which are higher than that of Japanese managers.5 Regarding with speed of vertical promotion, it was found that fast truck which means the route for candidate of future officer prevail much more in the UK than Japan. In addition to that, difference in promotion amongst employees hired during same year arise earlier than that of Japanese managers. UK managers promotional difference arise at 4.26 year, 7.86 years in case of Japanese managers.To sum up the major characteristics of UK manager’s career formation, their changing job orientation is relatively higher turnover rate than Japanese managers.The fact that their changing job orientation is relatively higher than that of manager s in Japan suggests that there would be suitable evidences to new career theory like boudaryless career in labor market in the UK

Illusion of sense of self-agency: Discrepancy between the predicted and actual sensory consequences of actions modulates the sense of self-agency, but not the sense of self-ownership

It is proposed that knowledge of motor commands is used to distinguish self-generated sensation from externally generated sensation. In this paper, we show that the sense of self-agency, that is the sense that I am the one who is generating an action, largely depends on the degree of discrepancy resulting from comparison between the predicted and actual sensory feedback. In Experiment 1, the sense of self-agency was reduced when the presentation of the tone was unpredictable in terms of timing and its frequency, although in fact the tone was self-produced. In Experiment 2, the opposite case was found to occur. That is, participants experienced illusionary sense of self-agency when the externally generated sensations happened to match the prediction made by forward model. In Experiment 3, the sense of self-agency was reduced when there was a discrepancy between the predicted and actual sensory consequences, regardless of presence or absence of a discrepancy between the intended and actual consequences of actions. In all the experiments, a discrepancy between the predicted and actual feedback had no effects on sense of self-ownership, that is the sense that I am the one who is undergoing an experience. These results may suggest that both senses of self are mutually independen

Stress inversion meets plasticity theory: A review of the theories of fault-slip analysis from the perspective of the deviatoric stress-strain space

[Errata] 'Journal of Structural Geology' Volume 134, May 2020, 104025: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2020.104025The mechanical behavior of materials is not affected by our choice of a coordinate system. Thus, the description of the behavior should not be affected by this choice. This is known as the principle of coordinate invariance, and is important not only for plasticity theory but for theoretical investigations in structural geology. The deviatoric stress-strain space, which fulfills the principle, is shown to be useful for the formulation of stress inversion. Problems in the inversion schemes of fault data are transformed into geometrical problems so that we can solve the problems using geometrical interpretations. In addition, the formulation gives the good basis for defining the classes of dissimilarities between reduced stress tensors that are the solutions of the inversion. We redefine the classes, here, from the standpoint of probability. It is demonstrated finally that the violation of the principle spoils the accuracy and resolution of the inversion